What are intrauterine devices?
IUDs are small, T-shape devices that sit inside the uterus. There are two different types, both of which provide long-acting protection against pregnancy. They are safe and suitable for almost all women even those who have just had a baby or breastfeeding and can be inserted immediately after delivery. IUDs Can be inserted at any time in the menstrual cycle by a qualified healthcare provider if it is reasonably certain the woman is not pregnant.
Copper IUDs are non hormonal and contain copper. They work by causing a chemical change that damages sperm and egg before they can meet. Depending on the type they can last for up to 10 years
Hormonal IUDs contain a synthetic progestin called levonorgesterel. This device releases a small amount of hormone every day for up to five years which thickens the mucus in the cervix, making it harder for the sperm to reach the egg. In some cases it can also prevent release of the egg from the ovary (ovulation). Both types of IUD are over 99% effective at preventing pregnancy.
What are the benefits of IUDs?
Copper IUDs can be used as an emergency contraceptive method and be inserted up to five days after sexual intercourse. They can also be used by women who cannot use hormonal contraception.
By releasing small amounts of hormone every day, Hormonal IUDs also thin the lining of the womb which can be used to treat heavy and painful periods.
What are the side effects?
Copper IUDs can make menstrual bleeding heavier or prolonged, or more painful, but these side effects are more common in the first 3-6 months and can be easily treated. Hormonal IUDs can make bleeding lighter and more irregular. It is not uncommon for women to have no bleeding when using these devices. This absence of bleeding is not harmful.
Misconceptions about IUDs
Do not:
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Increase the risk of miscarriage when a woman becomes pregnant after the IUD is removed
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Cause birth defects
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Cause cancer
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Cause discomfort or pain for the woman or the man during sex
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Increase the risk of contracting STIs, including HIV
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Get lost in the body. It has strings attached so it can be easily removed when requested
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Cause infertility. There is no delay to fertility when it is removed
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IUDs of any type are not a form of abortion